Wandering China

AN 'OVERSEAS CHINESE' STUDENT'S JOURNEY INTO DISCOVERING THE IMAGINATION OF CHINA.

Glitzy new AU headquarters a symbol of China-Africa ties [Reuters]

Strategic update: While the US ‘patently’ denies its intentions to build a military base in Philippines (see US Seeks Military Ties, Not Base, in Philippines, ABC News Jan 27 2012), China solidifies its position in Africa by funding the symbolic $200 million AU headquarters.

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Glitzy new AU headquarters a symbol of China-Africa ties
By Yara Bayoumy
Source – Reuters, published January 29, 2012

A traditional dancer wearing a Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic flag performs during the inauguration of the new African Union (AU) building in Ethiopia”s capital Addis Ababa, January 28, 2012. photo – Reuters

ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) – Standing on what was once Ethiopia’s oldest maximum security prison, the new African Union headquarters funded by China is a symbol of the Asian giant’s push to stay ahead in Africa and gain greater access to the continent’s resources.

Critics point to an imbalance in what they see as the new “Scramble for Africa”. But the prospect of growing Chinese economic influence is welcomed by African leaders, who see Beijing as a partner to help build their economies at a time when Europe and the United States are mired in economic turmoil.

And Africans are hoping for more Chinese largesse. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Charm Offensive, Chinese Model, Communications, Economics, Influence, International Relations, Media, Peaceful Development, Politics, Public Diplomacy, Reuters, Soft Power, Strategy, Tao Guang Yang Hui (韬光养晦), Trade, U.S.

King Cobra and the Dragon [Al Jazeera]

Al Jazeera investigates the argument that the Chinese are a divisive force in Zambia as anti-Chinese rhetoric seems to be the fashionable tool for political leverage nowadays, from the US to Africa.

But the reality seems to be this – where the West refrains from making friends, China steps in. China has little qualms working with countries deemed as rouge states in its continued mission to find oil and resources, fast.

China’s focus in Africa is not a recent occurrence however. Sin0-African trade has exploded ten times to an excess of $100b in the last ten years.

Outside commentators too paint this relationship as one of colonialism. They forget colonialism is something the Chinese detest for they had suffered under such a regime before.

To say that China are colonists is too simplistic an argument.

They have vested interests yes, and it is hard to argue otherwise that their interest in Africa is one of self-interest as a starting point. How they manage and communicate that interest in the form of public diplomacy is something the Chinese have to work on.

The dichotomy here is this – on one end we seem to have the West promoting ‘civilizing missions’ on ‘behalf’ of Africans. On the other, we have activities of ‘amoral Chinese’ who do not adopt trade and investment practices wholly compliant with neo-liberalism.

Perhaps they should be asking the Africans themselves first before forming conclusions based on media representations and not first-hand knowledge.

From my studies, it seems the reception of the Chinese vary throughout the African continent but to take a myopic view that the Chinese are stamping a leaf from Western-styled colonialism is too much of a blanket value judgement.

I for one would love an opportunity to travel to Africa to see for myself.

- – -

King Cobra and the Dragon
As China increases its economic ties in Africa, has the continent entered a new era of colonialism?
People and Power
Source – Al Jazeera, published Jan 05, 2012 

China’s increasing engagement with Africa has become a subject of great controversy. The country’s commercial interests in Africa have been called a new form of colonialism by some in the West, but many Africans say that China is a better partner than Europe or the US. But what is the reality in the African nations with the longest standing links to China?

People and Power sent Sino-French academic Solange Chatelard and filmmaker Scott Corben to Zambia during the presidential elections in September 2011 to investigate whether Africa has entered a new era of colonialism with Chinese firms maltreating workers and devouring the continent’s natural resources.

Thousands of Chinese have settled in Zambia and opened businesses, but relations have not always run smoothly. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Al Jazeera, Beijing Consensus, Charm Offensive, Chinese Model, Culture, Domestic Growth, Economics, Foreign aid, Greater China, Influence, International Relations, Mapping Feelings, Media, Overseas Chinese, Peaceful Development, Politics, Public Diplomacy, Resources, Social, Soft Power, Strategy, The Chinese Identity, The construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese identities, Trade

Libya: Litmus Test in China’s Foreign Policy Shift [Alarabiya]

Litmus test indeed; this article is a month old but useful to juxtapose against what’s transpiring today. A failed Libyan state is not a scenario in the interest of China as it is one of China’s major sources of oil (150,000 barrels a day last year, a tenth of Libyan crude exports). It will be interesting to see how Beijing plays around with its non-interventionist soft power principles in foreign affairs to keep this resource and deployment stream alive and kicking. 

In more recent news -China on Tuesday urged Libya to protect its investments and said their oil trade benefited both countries, after a Libyan rebel warned that Chinese oil companies could lose out after the ousting of Muammar Gaddafi’ (Reuters, August 23, 2011). Certainly, the matter is compounded by ‘partnering rogue state’ reports such as when ‘China broke UN embargo to sell arms to Gaddafi‘.

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Libya: Litmus Test in China’s Foreign Policy Shift
By TERESITA CRUZ-DEL ROSARIO AND WANG RUNFEI PHILLIE
Source – Alabrabiya, published July 26, 2011

The Libyan case does provide Beijing a momentum to review its foreign policy.

On Mar 17th, Beijing made the unusual decision not to utilize its veto power to let the military strikes move forward. This authorized the establishment of a “no fly zone” over Libya and the use of “all necessary measures” to prevent civilians from being attacked by forces loyal to Muammar Qaddafi at the United Nations Security Council vote on resolution 1973. Unusual because this marks the first time that China chose not to block Security Council-backed military measures against another government for human rights or humanitarian causes.

Quickly, Chinese newspapers responded critically to what it considered as western military intervention. The People’s Daily and the China Daily, for example, both launched op-eds stating that the intervention further worsened the “humanitarian crisis” in Libya. Yang Jiechi, China’s Minister for Foreign Affairs, said China is “deeply concerned” about civilian casualties and called for an immediate ceasefire in Libya on Mar 24th. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Chinese Model, Domestic Growth, Environment, Foreign aid, Influence, International Relations, Jasmine Revolution, Libya, Media, military, Politics, Public Diplomacy, Resources, Soft Power, Strategy, Trade

China broke UN embargo to sell arms to Gaddafi [Independent]

The title sounds absolute enough, but there seems little by way of actual evidence in this report to suggest so. Huge distortion between the true event and media representation - ‘State-controlled Chinese companies apparently sought to sell arms…according to official documents found in a bin in Tripoli… It was unclear whether these weapons had been paid for or delivered.’ 

- – -

China broke UN embargo to sell arms to Gaddafi
By Portia Walker in Tripoli
Source – Independent, published Tuesday, 6 September 2011

Rebel fighters with arms concealed by regime loyalists in a Tripoli furniture factory. Photo – Independent

State-controlled Chinese companies apparently sought to sell arms to the Gaddafi regime for use against the rebel army despite a UN embargo against such sales, according to official documents found in a bin in Tripoli.

The documents, uncovered by a Canadian reporter, show that members of the former Libyan government visited Beijing in July, when the war against the rebels and Nato was in full swing, and met representatives from arms companies in a bid to buy weapons from the Eastern superpower.

An invoice recovered from Libyan government files revealed lists of $200m (£124m) worth of military equipment, including pistols, weapons and rocket launchers. It was unclear whether these weapons had been paid for or delivered. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Chinese Model, Foreign aid, Independent UK, Influence, International Relations, Jasmine Revolution, Libya, Media, military, Politics, The Chinese Identity, The construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese identities

African Man Sings Propanganda Song for CCP 90th Anniversary [China Smack/Youtube]

With nearly 1 million hits within 2 days of being uploaded onto Chinese video sharing website Youku, this video can be said to be representative of China’s growing sphere of influence beyond East Asia and Asia.

- – -

African Man Sings Propanganda Song for CCP 90th Anniversary
Source – Chinasmack, published May 23, 2011

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the founding political party of the People’s Republic of China and at 78 million members strong, it is also the world’s largest political party. The CCP (or CPC for Communist Party of China) was founded on July 1, 1921 in Shanghai, and to commemorate the upcoming 90th anniversary of the party, a man who calls himself “Brother Hao” [literally: proper younger brother, "younger" denoting a sign of respect] sings “The Words of Chairman Mao are Memorized by Heart”, a “red” song [a Chinese Revolutionary-Era propaganda song].  The song was written by Fu Fengcheng, who is also responsible for having written other famous “red” songs like “Song of the Red Star” and “Azalea”. This video was accumulated nearly 1 million hits within 2 days of being uploaded onto popular Chinese video sharing website Youku and currently has nearly 4k comments.

[Dialogue and lyrics from video:]
Sung:
Nana, shoobeedoo-pay-ay

Spoken:
Hello everyone!
I’m Brother Hao, the King of “Red” songs
wishing the Communist Party [of China] a happy birthday on their 90th anniversary.

Sung:
Ooh!
The red sun shines everywhere [upon the four corners of China]
The ideology of Chairman Mao radiate a gold light
The heat of the red sun warms the bodies of the people
The glory of Chairman Mao’s thoughts shines light into our hearts
Shines light into our hearts

Chairman [Mao's] idealogical thoughts are disseminated everywhere
The people of the revolution have made their stand
Men and women, people both old and young, will all simulaneously enter the war
These people will fight this war with an invincible strength without equal
An invincible strength without equal

Spoken:
[I'm] singing this melodious “red” song
from me to all of you.
I am your stalwart African brother
Brother Hao,
wishing for a more prosperous/greater China
and a better standard of living that will likewise continually improve.
[I] hope that the people of China
and the people of Africa
will eternally [serve] as good brothers [to and for each other].
How about it?

Sung:
Hoo!
[Since we have] the words of Chairman Mao that are memorized by heart,
No matter if [faced with an] enemy both crazy and violent,
We will set an inescapable trap [for them]
and use it to bury all of those cruel and greedy robbers
And bury all of them
and use it to bury all of those cruel and greedy robbers
And bury all of them
And bury all of them
Yeah!

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Charm Offensive, Culture, Domestic Growth, Foreign aid, Greater China, History, Influence, International Relations, Media, Migrant Workers, Nationalism, People, Population, Public Diplomacy, Social, Soft Power, The Chinese Identity, The construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese identities, Youtube

China mulls immigration changes [Youtube]

China has long been a source of emigration to the rest of the world but as China becomes more prosperous, it has become a place to migrate to for work. The world is cross-pollinating its people at an unprecedented rate, and I hope to good longer term effect. Al Jazeera casts its eye on African immigrants to China as it drafts up its first ever immigration law. Guangzhou’s Africa Town now boasts 20,000 Africans.

Filed under: Africa, Al Jazeera, Beijing Consensus, Chinese Model, Culture, Economics, Education, Environment, Influence, International Relations, Migrant Workers, People, Population, Social, The Chinese Identity, The construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese identities, Trade, Youtube

China’s $700-million loan aims to revive Zimbabwean economy [China Daily]

Where the West refrains from making friends, China steps in.

China-Zimbawe relations hark back to 1979, with diplomatic relations signed on Zimbabwe’s day of independence - 18 April 1980.

This makes Zimbawe one of the earlier supporters of the People’s Republic. Some bittersweet news though. Just yesterday, this report surfaced - Chinese “abusing” Zimbabwean workers : Cabinet Minister (Zimdiaspora, March 22, 2011) where ‘Water Resources Management and Development minister Samuel Sipepa Nkomo has condemned poor working conditions and abuse of employees by a Chinese contractor, China Nanchang, working on the Mtshabezi-Umzingwane dams link pipeline.’

For another point of reference - Zimbabwean workers protest over treatment by Chinese companies (The Zimbawe Mail, November 19, 2010) – this came with a quote I found quite telling -“When the Chinese donate funds for projects and development to the government, they should be reminded that our government does not donate human resources in return…” Secretary general of the Zimbabwe Construction and Allied Trades Workers’ Union, Muchapiwa Mazarura.

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China’s $700-million loan aims to revive Zimbabwean economy
Source – China Daily, published March 23, 2011

Visiting Vice-Premier Wang Qishan (left) chats with Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe after the two held talks in Harare on Monday. [ Photo/Agencies

HARARE, Zimbabwe – China has extended loans of up to $700 million to Zimbabwe to revive the southern African country’s health, mining and agriculture sectors.

Visiting Vice-Premier Wang Qishan and Zimbabwean Vice-President Joice Mujuru witnessed the signing of the agreements on Monday, which included $342 million for an agricultural machinery scheme, $99.5 million for medicine and $144 million for the renovation of sewers in the capital.

The two countries were also discussing a $102-million loan from the Export-Import Bank of China. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Charm Offensive, China Daily, Economics, Finance, Influence, International Relations, Mapping Feelings, Politics, Public Diplomacy, Soft Power, Strategy, Trade

China’s economic invasion of Africa [Guardian]


Photo – the Guardian

This photo made the front page of the Guardian. Thanks Edwin for pointing out this very powerful image – I do wonder why the word ‘invasion’ was used for an article of such a complexion.

The Chinese diaspora of the 21st century might just prove to be an irresistible force to rival the mindshare the U.S. used to capture the world with.

Here are some comments about the article that caught my eye -

  • Although we should remain vigilant of some Chinese conduct, it is an overall boon for Africa. The Chinese are bringing economic modernity without passing comment on local customs and this is right because in the long run only Africans can reform their societies by keeping the warm family culture and forgetting the tribalism and clan politics as well as the often appalling oppression of women.

  • It’s great that the Chinese are not imposing their culture onto the Africans. Africa is still Africa, but with Chinese help. The same can’t be said for other nations.
  • interesting article, but there’s a lot of grey areas being glossed over. for all these upbeat success stories, there are others less savoury: i’m reminded of an article the guardian passed not so long ago about chinese migrant workers with african comfort wives for the duration of their time on projects, leaving them and their offspring behind when it’s time to go back to china.

- – -

China’s economic invasion of Africa
About a million Chinese, from engineers to chefs, have moved to work in Africa in the past decade. Xan Rice talks to some of them to find out why
Xan Rice
Source – Guardian, published Feb 06, 2011

Chinese civil engineer Liu Hui, who is overseeing the construction of a highway between Nairobi and Thika. Photograph: Sven Torfinn/Panos Pictures

In December 1999, a 24-year-old Chinese man called Zhang Hao left behind the freezing winter of his native Shenyang city to fly to Uganda. Zhang was nervous. He spoke no English. The journey was not even his idea, but that of his father, who had worked in Uganda a few years before on a fishing project involving the Chinese government.

“If you want to start something – and be the boss – Africa is the place to do it,” Zhang’s father had told him when he asked for business advice.

Zhang had quit university to travel to east Africa, but he did not need a degree to spot easy money-making opportunities as soon as he set foot in Kampala: goods that were available cheaply in every city in China were either expensive here, or unavailable. He started by importing shoes. Then schoolbags. Then fishing nets, nails and bicycles. Read the rest of this entry »

Filed under: Africa, Beijing Consensus, Charm Offensive, Economics, Influence, International Relations, Media, Public Diplomacy, Resources, Social, Soft Power, Strategy, The Chinese Identity, The construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese identities

Cultural exchange beefs up mutual understanding between China, Africa [Xinhua]

“The cultural exchange between China and Africa enjoys a long history that can be traced back to the 13th century when many ancient Chinese ships visited the eastern coast of Africa, while the Sino-African official cultural exchange has only started in May 1955…”

- – -

Cultural exchange beefs up mutual understanding between China, Africa
by Li Nu’er
Source – Xinhua, published May 20, 2010

HARARE, May 20 (Xinhua) — The upcoming “Africa Focus on cultural exchange” activities, which will take place in Beijing soon and extend to the major cities throughout China, will be an event of historical significance expected to further promote the mutual understanding between the Chinese and African people.

The activities on African art performances, colorful exhibitions, book fairs and film shows, etc. will help the Chinese people to know better about Africa and to strengthen the cultural ties between the two peoples.

The cultural exchange between China and Africa enjoys a long history that can be traced back to the 13th century when many ancient Chinese ships visited the eastern coast of Africa, while the Sino-African official cultural exchange has only started in May 1955 when the Chinese and Egyptian government signed the cultural cooperation agreement in Beijing, the first of its kind between China and African countries in the history.

Since then, the cultural exchange between the two has flourished, and the continental dialogues between the different civilizations have been frequent so that the cultural exchange becomes a key link for the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and African people.

Entering the new century, there have been new breakthroughs in the scale and frequency of the cultural exchange between China and Africa, especially after the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Co- Operation Forum in 2006, where the Beijing Action Program (2007- 2009) on Sino-African cultural exchange was formed to enhance the bilateral cooperation. Later on, in 2009 new measures were put forward for China and African countries to join hands to build up the name-brand “China-Africa Focus” activities on cultural exchange.

China has, so far, signed inter-governmental agreements on cultural exchange with all African countries which have diplomatic relations. With the painstaking efforts made by the Chinese and African governments, folk exchange between the two has gained momentum in recent years.

Statistics show that 33 large-scale folk and business-purposed exchange activities have taken place on arts performances, exhibitions, cultural festivals and personnel exchange between China and Africa since 2007. The Chinese art troupes have visited more than 30 African countries, offering African people valuable opportunities to know the ancient and modern Chinese culture.

Meanwhile, at least 25 African countries have so far sent their artists and officials to visit China and staged their unique performances in the oriental country, which are very conducive to the Chinese people to know the African culture.

Today, one can easily see the T-shirts printed with the Chinese characters “friends, partners and brothers” in throughout the vast African continent, while the African stone and wooden sculptures are very popular in many Chinese cities.

Through the varieties of cultural exchange, the Chinese have learnt a lot from African people, and vice versa. African people enjoy the harmony between people and nature while the Chinese are always hard-working.

It has been proved that the Chinese and African peoples have benefited a lot from the ever-increasingly intensive cultural exchange. The political mutual understanding and economic cooperation can not be realized without a deep-going cultural exchange.

Filed under: Africa, Charm Offensive, Culture, International Relations, Public Diplomacy, xinhua

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Good Reads

A History of Hong Kong (Welsh, rev. 1997)

Behind the Open Door: Foreign Enterprises in the Chinese Marketplace (Rosen, 1999)

Beyond the Chinese Face: Insights from Psychology (Bond, 1991)

Charm Offensive: How China's Soft Power is Transforming the World (Kurlantzick, 2007)

China and the Chinese Overseas (Wang, 2003)

China Off Center - Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom (Blum & Jensen, 2002)

China Wakes (Kristof & Wudunn, 1995)

China's Transformations(Jensen & Weston, 2007)

Chinas Unlimited (Lee, 2003)

China’s Security Interests in the 21st Century (Ong, 2007)

Chinese among others - Emigration in Modern Times (Kuhn, 2008)

Chinese Kinship (Chao, 1983)

Chinese Nationalism (Unger, ed. 1996)

Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making (Feng, 2007)

Dialetic of the Chinese Revolution (Ci, 1994)

Don't Leave Home - Migration and Chinese (Wang, 2001)

Integrating China into the Global Economy (Lardy, 2002)

Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy - Past, Present and Future (Swaine & Tellis, 2000)

Kinship, Contract, Community & State (Cohen, 2005)

Re Orient - Change in Asian Societies (Vervoorn, 2006)

The Gare of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895-1980 (Spence, 1986)

The Great Chinese Revolution: 1800-1985 (Fairbank, 1987)

The Overseas Chinese of South East Asia (Witzel and Rae, 2008)

The Paradox of China's Post-Mao Reforms (Goldman and Macfarquhar, ed. 1999)

The Real Chinese Question (Holcombe, 1901) **

Understanding China: A guide to China's Economy, History, and Political Structure (Starr, 1997)

Understanding China and India - Security Implications for the United States and the World (Lal, 2006)

Weaving the Net: Conditional Engagement with China (Shinn, ed., 1996)

Where Underpants Come From: From Checkout to Cotton Field - Travels through the New China. (Bennett, 2008)

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